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June is Men’s Health Awareness Month and prostate cancer remains one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting men globally, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases diagnosed each year.

While the exact cause of prostate cancer is still unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, ethnicity and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity levels.

Prostate cancer often develops slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Individuals should be aware of potential signs, including urinary problems (e.g., increased frequency, difficulty urinating), blood in the urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, pelvic discomfort and bone pain. Any concerning symptoms should prompt a discussion with a health care provider.

The American Cancer Society recommends men make an informed decision with their health care provider regarding screening for prostate cancer at the following ages. 

• Age 50 for men who are at average risk of prostate cancer and are expected to live at least one more year.
• Age 45 for men at high risk of developing prostate cancer. This includes African American men and men who have a first-degree relative (father or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than age 65).
• Age 40 for men at even higher risk (those with more than one first-degree relative who had prostate cancer at an early age).

Men who want to be screened should get the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. The digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be done as a part of screenings for prostate cancer. All men should discuss the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening with their primary care provider. 

For most patients, initial suspicion of prostate cancer is based on an abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) or an elevated PSA level. A biopsy must be performed by a urologist to establish a definitive diagnosis. 

“Treatment for prostate cancer varies depending on factors such as the stage of the disease, overall health and personal preferences,” says Gabriel S. Vidal, M.D., FACP, a radiation oncologist and internal medicine physician with the INTEGRIS Health Cancer Institute.

Options may include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of treatments. “Patients should discuss and explore all available treatment options with their health care team including a urologist, radiation oncologist and a medical oncologist,” says Vidal.

For more information on prostate cancer or to schedule an appointment, contact the INTEGRIS Health Cancer Institute or call 877-811-4246.