Lung Cancer Screening: Who Should Be Screened and Why Early Detection Matters

Lung cancer can develop without obvious symptoms, making screening an important tool for people at higher risk. During Lung Cancer Awareness Month this November, INTEGRIS Health is encouraging Oklahomans to learn the warning signs, understand screening recommendations and take steps to protect their lung health.

A lung cancer diagnosis without warning

At 52, Edmond resident Stephanie Halpern wasn’t experiencing a persistent cough, shortness of breath or other symptoms typically associated with lung disease. In fact, she wasn’t seeking care for her lungs at all.

Stephanie was undergoing a CT scan for stomach issues when doctors unexpectedly discovered a pleural effusion, an abnormal buildup of fluid around the lungs. She later underwent an Ion robotic bronchoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that allows physicians to examine and biopsy suspicious lung nodules with greater precision. The biopsy confirmed she had stage 4 lung cancer.
 
The diagnosis came as a shock. Stephanie had never smoked and did not have noticeable lung-related symptoms. Without the imaging performed for an unrelated health concern, her cancer might not have been discovered when it was.

Stephanie received chemotherapy and immunotherapy and is responding well to treatment. Now, she encourages others to advocate for their health, keep up with recommended screenings and talk with their physician when something doesn’t feel right. 

Why lung cancer screening matters

Lung cancer screening can help detect cancer before symptoms appear, when it may be easier to treat and potentially cure. Too often, lung cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage because people who qualify for screening have not been screened.  

“Lung cancer screening gives us the opportunity to find cancer before symptoms develop, when it is most treatable and potentially curable,” says Nathaniel Moulton, M.D., a board-certified interventional pulmonologist at INTEGRIS Health Medical Group Baptist Pulmonary Medicine. 

Unlike diagnostic testing, which is used to evaluate a symptom or concerning finding, screening is intended for people who do not have symptoms but may be at increased risk.

Who should be screened for lung cancer?

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual lung cancer screening with a low-dose CT scan for adults who meet all three of the following criteria:

• Are between 50 and 80 years old
• Have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history
• Currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years

A pack-year is calculated by multiplying the number of cigarette packs smoked per day by the number of years a person smoked. For example, smoking one pack per day for 20 years equals a 20 pack-year history. 

Screening recommendations may not apply to every person in the same way. Talk with your physician about your smoking history, overall health and the potential benefits and limitations of screening.

People who do not meet the standard screening criteria should still contact a physician if they develop concerning symptoms. A physician can determine whether diagnostic testing is appropriate.

Warning signs of lung disease

Lung cancer and other lung conditions do not always cause symptoms in their earliest stages. When warning signs do appear, they may be mistaken for aging, a lack of fitness or a lingering respiratory illness.

Symptoms that should be discussed with a physician include:

• A chronic cough lasting eight weeks or longer
• Shortness of breath that continues after exercise or occurs with little to no exertion
• Wheezing
• Coughing up blood
• Chest pain lasting longer than a month

Having one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have lung cancer. However, persistent or worsening symptoms should not be ignored. 

Everyday ways to protect your lung health

Healthy lungs make it possible to work, exercise and stay connected with the people and activities that matter most. Although not every lung condition can be prevented, several habits can help support lung health:

• Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
• Limit exposure to pollutants and harmful chemicals
• Stay physically active
• Follow recommended workplace safety precautions
• Pay attention to persistent respiratory symptoms
• Keep up with preventive care and recommended screenings

People who currently smoke can also ask their physician about resources to help them quit. Smoking cessation remains one of the most important steps a person can take to reduce the risk of lung cancer and other serious health conditions.

Attend an INTEGRIS Health lung screening event

As part of Lung Cancer Awareness Month, INTEGRIS Health is hosting two lung screening events that are open to the public:

• Saturday, Nov. 7 at INTEGRIS Health Cancer Institute North, 5911 W. Memorial Rd.
• Saturday, Nov. 14 at INTEGRIS Health Cancer Institute Southwest, 4301 S. Western Ave.

Physicians will be available at both events to answer questions and demonstrate lung screening and diagnostic technologies. Refreshments and entertainment will also be provided. Call 405-773-6400 to schedule a lung scan during one of the events. Eligibility requirements may apply.

Whether you qualify for screening or have noticed a change in your breathing, don’t wait to start the conversation. Talk with your physician about your lung health and the next step that is right for you.

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